Documentos de Trabajo del Departamento de Economía

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Browsing Documentos de Trabajo del Departamento de Economía by Title

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    A note on the suboptimality of right-of-first-refusal clauses
    (2006) Weinschelbaum, Federico; Arozamena, Leandro
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    A Note on Wealth as a Corruption-Controlling Device
    (2005-03) Di Tella, Rafael
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    A principal-agent building block for the study of decentralization and integration
    (1999-11) Tommasi, Mariano; Weinschelbaum, Federico
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    A tale of two Latin American congresses : towards a comparative study of institutionalization and effectiveness
    (2013-06) Palanza, M. Valeria; Scartascini, Carlos G.; Tommasi, Mariano
    This paper is concerned with the characteristics, determinants and consequences of varying levels of congressional institutionalization. Our work can be traced back to the early work on congressional institutionalization done by Polsby (1968), which is complemented here by the game-theoretic notion that institutionalization is an equilibrium outcome that emerges from the beliefs and investments made by relevant political actors. The paper explores key characteristics and trends surrounding legislative careers and congressional assets such as organization and resources. It does so to uncover the effects of different belief systems and investment dynamics on levels of institutionalization and, ultimately, on policy outcomes. We approach our puzzle by analyzing two close yet contrasting cases: Argentina and Chile, which possess stark differences on many policy and institutional dimensions, despite relatively similar constitutional settings.
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    An Economic Approach to Corruption
    (2002-08) Schenone, Osvaldo H.
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    Are we playing the same game? : the economic effects of constitutions depend on the degree of institutionalization
    (2014-12) Caruso, Germán; Scartascini, Carlos; Tommasi, Mariano
    This paper addresses an important source of variation within democracies – the degree of institutionalization. The concept of institutionalization describes the extent to which politics takes place, and is believed to take place, via formal political institutions. Countries vary in their degree of institutionalization, hence, in the degree to which political actors pursue their goals via conventional politics or via “alternative political technologies”. This paper postulates that if politics is conducted largely outside of formal channels, the structure of the formal channels should not matter much as a determinant of policy outcomes. To address this issue this paper proposes a new index of institutionalization and with it revisits seminal work regarding the impact of constitutions on public spending. The findings show that the effect of constitutional rules on policy outcomes is conditional on the degree of institutionalization.
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    Behavioral heuristics and market patterns in a Bertrand-Edgeworth Game
    (2011-03) Heymann, Daniel; Kawamura, Enrique; Perazzo, Roberto P.J.; Zimmermann, Martín
    This paper studies price-setting behavior in a Bertrand-Edgeworth game, a traditional setup that provides a stylized representation of real-world markets (such retail markets). It explores methodological complementarities between analytical, experimental and agent- based simulation approaches. The game under analysis only admits hard-to-characterize mixed-strategy Nash equilibria. This paper uses families of heuristic rules for individual behavior to analyze the resulting market prices. A set of laboratory experiments nds that price-setting choices of agents are described reasonably well through a sales-based simple pricing rule. Average market prices tend to converge from above to quasi-steady states with small individual dispersion, occasionally disturbed by agents who search for pro ts by raising prices. Salient features of the experimental outcomes can be represented through simulations with arti cial agents who apply the sales-based heuristics with parameters calibrated to the experiment.
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    Career choices and the evolution of the college gender gap
    (2015-03) Rossi, Martín A.; Ruzzier, Christian
    We propose a complementary explanation for the evolution of the college gender gap that emphasizes the raising opportunity cost of pursuing a college degree for men, due to the increase in the rewards to becoming a superstar in men-dominated occupations, like professional sports. We support our expla- nation with causal evidence from a natural experiment in European soccer markets that provides exogenous variation in male earnings in a superstar path. Consistent with our story, we nd a signi cant positive e ect of an increase in male superstar earnings on the ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment in college education.
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    Corruption with Competition Among Hidden Principals
    (2000-01) Weinschelbaum, Federico
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    Diferencias educativas entre escuelas privadas y públicas en Argentina
    (2015-09) Albornoz, Facundo; Furman, Melina; Podestá, María Eugenia de; Razquin, Paula; Warnes, Pablo Ernesto
    El presente trabajo examina las diferencias en el desempeño académico entre alumnos de escuelas argentinas públicas y privadas. Para ello utiliza los resultados de los exámenes estandarizados PISA en Argentina llevados a cabo en los años 2009 y 2012. Estos exámenes evalúan a alumnos de 15 años de edad en las áreas de Matemática, Lectura y Ciencias, además de recopilar mediante encuestas información sobre el alumno, su entorno y la escuela a la que asiste. Los estudiantes que asisten a escuelas privadas logran (en promedio) resultados en las pruebas PISA significativamente más altos que sus equivalentes en escuelas públicas, tanto en 2009 como en 2012. Este trabajo encuentra que en el 2009 esta diferencia puede explicarse por asimetrías en los recursos educativos entre los dos tipos de escuelas. Sin embargo, en 2012 la brecha en términos de recursos se reduce considerablemente, mientras que la diferencia en resultados persiste. Se encuentra evidencia que sugiere que esta persistencia se debe a que las diferencias en composición socio-económica del alumnado entre tipos de escuelas permanece inalterada entre los años 2009 y 2012. Esto sugiere que la diferencia en desempeño promedio entre escuelas privadas y públicas a aspectos socio-económicos que afectan a los mecanismos de selección entre tipos de escuela y que determinan efectos de pares diferentes y constantes.
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    El desempleo en la Argentina, 1992-1994
    (1994-06) Schenone, Osvaldo H.
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    Estimaciones del producto bruto interno de Argentina 1875-1935
    (1994-10) Cortés Conde, Roberto